Humeral and glenoid articular surface implant systems and methods

ABSTRACT

One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a humeral implant. The humeral implant includes a tray including a body defining a bone facing recess and a liner recess, said bone facing recess including a ring surface and a convex surface, wherein the ring surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of an outer ring of bone in an excision site of a patient; and wherein said convex surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of a concave socket formed in the excision site. The humeral implant also includes a liner including a body defining a load bearing surface and a tray interface surface, said tray interface surface being configured to be at least partially received in said liner recess of said tray such that said implant is coupled to said tray.

This application claims the benefit of, and priority to, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/817,497, filed Mar. 12, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure is related to devices and methods for the repair of defects that occur in articular cartilage on the surface of bones, and particularly to systems and methods for repairing the humeral head and/or glenoid.

BACKGROUND

Articular cartilage, found at the ends of articulating bones in the body, is typically composed of hyaline cartilage, which has many unique properties that allow it to function effectively as a smooth and lubricious load-bearing surface. When injured, however, hyaline cartilage cells are not typically replaced by new hyaline cartilage cells. Healing is dependent upon the occurrence of bleeding from the underlying bone and formation of scar or reparative cartilage called fibrocartilage. While similar, fibrocartilage does not possess the same unique aspect of native hyaline cartilage and tends to be less durable.

In some cases, it may be necessary or desirable to repair the damaged articular cartilage using one or more implants. While implants may be successfully used, the implant should be designed to maximize the patient's comfort, minimize damage to surrounding areas, minimize potential further injury, maximize the functional life of the implant, and be easy to install.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features and advantages of the present invention are set forth by description of embodiments consistent with the present invention, which description should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 generally illustrates one example of a first implant system and first excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 generally illustrates one example of establishing a working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 generally illustrates one example of pin and a threaded instrument along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 generally illustrates one example of first reamer along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 generally illustrates one example of an arcuate surface formed on the first bone consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 generally illustrates one example of second reamer along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 generally illustrates one example of an intermediate central surface formed on the first bone consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 generally illustrates one example of third reamer along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 generally illustrates one example of a socket formed on the first bone consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 generally illustrates one example of forming a pilot hole along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 generally illustrates one example of an implant trial consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 generally illustrates one example of an anchor along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 13A-F generally illustrate various views of one example of the anchor consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 generally illustrates one example of the anchor being advanced along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 generally illustrates one example of the anchor secured in the first bone consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 16-17 generally illustrate one example of a trial along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 generally illustrates one example of a tray secured to the anchor and a liner consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 19A-E generally illustrate various views of one example of the tray consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 20A-H generally illustrate various views of one example of the liner consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 21 generally illustrates an exploded view of one example of the first implant system and the first excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 generally illustrates an assemble view of one example of the first implant system and the first excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 23 generally illustrates an assembled view of one example of a second implant system and a second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 generally illustrates an exploded view of one example of the second implant system and the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 25 generally illustrates an assembled view of one example of the second implant system and the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 26 generally illustrates one example of establishing a working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 27 generally illustrates one example of pin and a pilot bit along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 28 generally illustrates one example of an anchor along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 29 generally illustrates one example of an anchor secured in the second bone along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 30A-F generally illustrate various views of one example of the anchor consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 31 generally illustrates one example of a reamer for forming the second excision site along the working axis consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 32 generally illustrates one example of the second excision site in the second bone consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 33 generally illustrate one example of a baseplate being and the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 34A-G generally illustrate various views of one example of the baseplate consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 35 generally illustrate one example of a baseplate being advanced to the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 36-37 generally illustrate one example of a baseplate being on the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 38 generally illustrate one example of a pilot holes being formed in the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 39 generally illustrate one example of a baseplate being secured to the second excision site consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 40 generally illustrate one example of an implant and a baseplate consistent with the present disclosure;

FIG. 41 generally illustrate one example of an implant secured to a baseplate consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 42A-E generally illustrate various views of one example of the implant consistent with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 43-49 generally illustrate various examples of the first implant system and the second implant system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference to FIG. 1, a non-limiting example of a first implant site 10 formed in a first bone 12 and a first implant system 14 is generally illustrated. While aspects/embodiments of the first implant site 10 and the first implant system 14 may be described in the context of a humeral excision site formed in the humeral bone and a humeral implant system, it should be appreciated that the first implant site 10 may be formed in other bones (e.g., other than the humerus 12) and the first implant system 14 is not limited to a humeral implant system. As such, the systems and method described herein may be used to form a first implant site 10 on any bone 12 and the first implant system 14 may be used to repair/replace the articular surface of any bone 12.

The humeral implant site 10 may be formed in the humerus 12 in such a manner to aid in the positioning of the humeral implant system 14 and to reduce and/or prevent movement of the humeral implant system 14 relative to the humerus 12. At least a portion of the humeral implant site 10 may therefore be formed with a shape/contour/profile that inversely corresponds to the shape/contour/profile of at least a portion of the humeral implant system 14. As described herein, the humeral implant system 14 may include an anchor 16, an intermediate component or tray 18, and an implant or liner 20. The anchor 16 may be configured to be secured to the bone 12 within the humeral implant site 10, the tray 18 may be configured to be secured to the anchor 16, and the liner 20 may be configured to be secured to the tray 18. As shown, the liner 20 includes a load bearing surface 22 having a generally concaved surface contour (e.g., a reverse shoulder). While aspects/embodiments of the humeral implant system 14 may be described in the context of a reverse shoulder, it should be appreciated that the humeral implant system 14 is not limited to a reverse shoulder configuration. As such, the humeral implant system 14 may include a load bearing surface 22 having any shape/contour/profile such as, but no limited to, a shape/contour/profile that corresponds to the patient's original, native shape/contour/profile.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a portion of one example of a system and method for forming the humeral implant site 10 in the humerus 12 to mate with the humeral implant system 14 is generally illustrated. In particular, a working axis 200 may be established. In the illustrated example, the working axis 200 extends at an angle normal to the crown or highest point on the patient's native articular surface 202; however, it should be appreciated that the working axis 200 may extend at any angle (which may be greater than or less than 90 degrees) and/or from any point along the patient's native articular surface 202. The crown or highest point on the patient's native articular surface 202 may be defined at the point on the patient's native articular surface 202 that is furthest away from the longitudinal axis 207 of the bone 12.

The working axis 200 may be established using a guide 204. The guide 204 may define a passageway 206 formed in a guide body 208 extending along the working axis 200. The passageway 206 may be configured to receive one or more pins 205 such that the pin 205 may be advanced through the passageway 206 and secured into the bone 12 along the working axis 200, for example, using a drill or the like (not shown for clarity). The passageway 206 may substantially correspond to the cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the outside of the pin 205 to align the pin 205 along the working axis 200. The depth that the pin 205 is secured into the bone 12 may be set using the guide 202. For example, the pin 205 and/or the guide 202 may include indicia (such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like) that may set the depth of the pin 205 into the bone 12.

The guide body 208 may include one or more locating features 210 such as, but not limited to, arms 212. The locating features 210 may be configured to contact native articular surface 202 and align/position the passageway 206 relative to the native articular surface 202. For example, the arms 212 may include tips 214 configured to engage and/or contact specific points of the humerus 12. The arms 212 may therefore have sizes and/or shapes based on the size and/or shape of the patient. The arms 212 may extend in one or more planes. For example, the arms 212 may extend in two mutually perpendicular planes. In one example, the arms 212 may be configured to substantially continuously contact against the native articular surface 202 along one or more planes; however, it should be appreciated that the arms 212 may only contact a plurality of discrete points (such as, but not limited to, the tips 216). The guide 202 may also optionally include a handle 218 configured to allow a surgeon to grasp and position the guide 202 relative to the native articular surface 202.

Once the pin 205 is secured to the bone 12 along the working axis 200, the guide 202 may be removed. Next, a cannulated threaded instrument 300, FIG. 3, may be advanced over the pin 205 and secured into the bone 12. The cannulated threaded instrument 300 may include a cannulated shaft 302 and a distal end region 304 having a threaded tip 306 configured to be secured into the bone 12. The distal end region 304 may also include a shoulder 308. The shoulder 308 may extend radially outward beyond the cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the shaft 302. The cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the passageway 310 of the cannulated threaded instrument 300 may substantially correspond to the cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the outside of the pin 205. The depth that the cannulated threaded instrument 300 is secured into the bone 12, and thus the shoulder 308 relative to the native articular surface 202, may be set using the pin 205. For example, the cannulated threaded instrument 300 and/or the pin 205 may include indicate (such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like) that may set the depth of the cannulated threaded instrument 300 into the bone 12. In one example, the top of the shoulder 308 may be set to be substantially flush with the native articular surface 202 surrounding the cannulated threaded instrument 300.

Turning now FIG. 4, optionally a first reamer 400 may be rotated and advanced along the working axis 200 to form at least a portion of the humeral implant site 10. In the illustrated example, the first reamer 400 may include a cannulated shaft 402 configured to be rotated and advanced over the pin 205 and/or the cannulated threaded instrument 300. A distal end region 404 of the first reamer 400 may include one or more cutting surfaces 406 configured to remove at least a portion of the native articular surface 202. For example, the first reamer 400 may include one or more cutting arms 408 extending radially outward from the shaft 402. The cutting arms 408 may include one or more cutting surfaces 406 having an arcuate shape. The arcuate shape of the cutting surfaces 406 may be configured to remove at least some of the native articular surface 202 and form an arcuate surface 407 (as shown in FIGS. 4-5) revolved around the working axis 200. For example, the cutting surfaces 406 may be configured to form a generally semi-spherical shape/surface (e.g., convex surface) on the bone 12. Alternatively (or in addition), the cutting surfaces 406 may be formed by two or more tangential curves and/or having one or more inflection points, for example, configured to form a semi-ellipsoidal shape. The first reamer 400 may be advanced along the working axis 200 until a portion of the first reamer 400 (e.g., a central portion) contacts/abuts against a portion of the shoulder 308 of the cannulated threaded instrument 300. Alternatively (or in addition), the depth of the first reamer 400 along the working axis 200 may be set/determined using indicia/markings on the pin 205 and/or the cannulated threaded instrument 300.

Referring to FIG. 6, optionally a second (or additional) cut may be made using a second reamer 600. The second cut may be made to a portion of the arcuate surface 407 formed using the first reamer 400 (e.g., the semi-spherical surface). For example, the first reamer 400 may be removed from working axis 200, and the second reamer 600 may be rotated and advanced along the working axis 200 (e.g., to form at least a portion of the humeral implant site 10). In the illustrated example, the second reamer 600 may include a cannulated shaft 602 configured to be rotated and advanced over the pin 205 and/or the cannulated threaded instrument 300 and revolved around the working axis 200. A distal end region 604 of the second reamer 600 may include one or more cutting surfaces 606 configured to remove at least a portion of the arcuate surface 407. For example, the second reamer 600 may include one or more cutting arms 608 extending radially outward from the shaft 602. The cutting arms 608 may include one or more cutting surfaces 606, for example, having a generally flat, planar, and/or arcuate shape. The second reamer 600 may used to remove a central region 609 of the arcuate surface 407, for example, to form an intermediate central surface 700 (FIG. 7) revolved around the working axis 200.

The cutting surfaces 606 may be configured to remove at least some of the central region 609 of the intermediate central surface 700 revolved around the working axis 200, while leaving behind an arcuate (e.g., semi-spherical) outer ring 702 of the arcuate surface 407 centered around the working axis 200. As described herein, the arcuate outer ring 702 may inversely correspond to a portion of an inner surface of the tray 18 of the humeral implant system 14. As such, the at least a portion of the profile of the cutting surface 406 of the first reamer 400, when revolved around the working axis 200, may correspond to the portion of the inner surface of the tray 18 of the humeral implant system 14.

In at least one example, the cutting surfaces 606 of the second reamer 600 may be configured to form a generally planar shape/surface. Alternatively (or in addition), the cutting surfaces 606 may be formed by one curves, two or more tangential curves, and/or curves having one or more inflection points. The second reamer 600 may be advanced along the working axis 200 until a portion of the second reamer 600 (e.g., a central portion) contacts/abuts against a portion of the shoulder 308 of the cannulated threaded instrument 300. Alternatively (or in addition), the depth of the second reamer 600 along the working axis 200 may be set/determined using indicia/markings on the pin 205 and/or the cannulated threaded instrument 300. While the intermediate central surface 700 is shown having a generally planar surface and the central region 609 formed by the first reamer 400 is shown having a semi-spherical surface, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to either of these configurations unless specifically claimed as such since these surfaces will ultimately be removed.

Turning to FIG. 8, optionally a third (or additional) cut may be made using a third reamer 800. The third cut may be made to at least a portion of the intermediate central surface 700 formed using the second reamer 600. For example, the second reamer 600 may be removed from working axis 200, and the third reamer 800 may be rotated and advanced along the working axis 200 (e.g., to form at least a portion of the humeral implant site 10). In the illustrated example, the third reamer 800 may include a cannulated shaft 802 configured to be rotated and advanced over the pin 205 and/or the cannulated threaded instrument 300. A distal end region 804 of the third reamer 800 may include one or more cutting surfaces 806 configured to remove at least a portion of the intermediate central surface 700. For example, the third reamer 800 may include one or more cutting arms 808 extending radially outward from the shaft 802. The cutting arms 808 may include one or more cutting surfaces 806 configured to form a convex socket/surface 900 (FIG. 9) revolved around the working axis 200.

A peripheral rim 902 may be formed between the convex socket/surface 900. In at least one example, the peripheral rim 902 may be formed by a remaining portion of the intermediate central surface 700. As such, the third reamer 800 may remove only a portion of the intermediate central surface 700. Alternatively, peripheral rim 902 may be formed by the intersection of the arcuate outer ring 702 with the convex socket/surface 900. As such, the third reamer 800 may remove all of the intermediate central surface 700. As described herein, the convex surface/socket 900 and/or the peripheral rim 902 may inversely correspond to a portion of an inner surface of the tray 18. As such, the at least a portion of the profile of the cutting surface 806 of the third reamer 800, when revolved around the working axis 200, may correspond to the portion of the inner surface of the tray 18. Once the convex surface/socket 900 has been formed, the cannulated threaded instrument 300 may be removed as shown in FIG. 9.

With reference to FIG. 10, optionally a fourth (or additional) cut may be made using a fourth reamer 1000. The fourth cut may be made to at least a portion of the convex surface/socket 900 formed using the third reamer 800. For example, the third reamer 800 may be removed from working axis 200, and the fourth reamer 1000 may be rotated and advanced along the working axis 200 to form a pilot hole for the anchor 16 of the humeral implant system 14. In the illustrated example, the fourth reamer 1000 may include a cannulated shaft 1002 configured to be rotated and advanced over the pin 205. A distal end region 1004 of the fourth reamer 1000 may include one or more cutting surfaces 1006 configured to remove at least a portion of the socket 900 to form a pilot hole 1008.

Optionally, a trial implant 1010 may be used to set the depth of the fourth reamer 1000 (e.g., using indicate on the pin 205 and/or the trial implant 1010 such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like). Alternatively (or in addition), the trial implant 1010 may be used to verify the surface contour of the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902. For example, the trial implant 1010 may include a trial 1012 coupled to a handle 1014. The trial 1012 and the handle 1014 may be cannulated and configured to be advanced along the working axis 200. In the illustrated example, the trial 1012 and the handle 1014 may include a passageway 1016 configured to receive the cannulated shaft 1002 of the fourth reamer 1000. The trial 1012 may have an inner surface 1018 which corresponds to the inner surface of the tray 18 of the humeral implant system 14. The trial 1012 may therefore be advanced along the working axis 200 and used to verify that the surface contour of the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902 matches the profile of the tray 18. The trial 1012 (e.g., the inner surface 1018) may contact three portions of the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902 and/or may contact the entire surface of the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902 (e.g., as generally illustrated in FIG. 11).

The reamers 400, 600, 800, 1000 may therefore be used to form the humeral implant site 10 (e.g., as generally illustrated in FIG. 12). The humeral implant site 10 may be formed in the humerus 12 in such a manner to aid in the positioning of the humeral implant system 14 and to reduce and/or prevent movement of the humeral implant system 14 relative to the humerus 12. At least a portion of the humeral implant site 10 (e.g., the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902) may therefore be formed with a shape/contour/profile that inversely corresponds to the shape/contour/profile of tray 18 of the humeral implant system 14. While the system and method for forming the humeral implant site 10 has been described using a plurality of reamers 400, 600, 800, 1000, it should be appreciated that two or more of the reamers 400, 600, 800, 1000 may be combined into a single reamer. A benefit of the use of multiple reamers 400, 600, 800, 1000 as described herein is that it minimizes the likelihood of damaging the bone 12, while also ensuring proper alignment and fit of the resulting humeral implant site 10. Moreover, while the system and method for forming the humeral implant site 10 has been described using a pin 205, it should be appreciated that the pin 205 may be eliminated. For example, the system and method for forming the humeral implant site 10 may be performed using a computer numerical control (CNC) machine such as, but not limited to, a robot controlled multiple axis CNC machine or the like.

Before and/or after the fit of the surface of the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902 have been verified, the anchor 16 of the humeral implant system 14 may be advanced and secured into the bone 12 along the working axis 200, e.g., into the pilot hole 1008 as shown in FIG. 12. Turning now to FIGS. 13A-F, various views of one example of an anchor 16 consistent with the present disclosure are generally illustrated. The anchor 16 may include a body 1302, for example, having a tapered profile. The outside of the body 1302 may include one or more retaining elements (such as, but not limited to, threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, recesses, or the like 1304) configured to engage the bone 12 and secure the anchor 16 to the bone 12. The anchor 16 may optionally be used with bone cement or the like. The outer surface of the anchor 16 may be configured to facilitate bone regrow. The body 1302 may include a cannulated passageway 1306, for example, configured to be advanced over the pin 205.

A proximal end 1308 of the anchor 16 may include a fixation element 1310 configured to be coupled to a corresponding fixation element of the tray 18 to secure the anchor 16 to the tray 18. For example, the fixation element 1310 includes a tapered interference fit (e.g., a Morse taper or the like). In the illustrated example, the fixation element 1310 is a female tapered recess configured to mate with a corresponding tapered male protrusion formed on the tray 18; however, it should be appreciated that this arrangement may be reversed. Alternatively (or in addition), the fixation element 1310 may include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the anchor 16 to the tray 18 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like.

The proximal end 1308 of the anchor 16 may optionally include a driving feature 1312. The driving feature 1312 may be configured to mate with a driver (such as a drill or the like) to secure the anchor 16 into the bone 12. For example, the driving feature 1312 may be configured to allow a drill to rotate the anchor 16 into the bone. In the non-limiting example, the driving feature 1312 is a hex recess.

Referring to FIG. 14, the anchor 16 may be advanced over the pin 205 using a driver 1400 (e.g., a hand drill or the like) having a corresponding driving feature 1402 (e.g., a hex head) configured to engage with the driving feature 1312 of the anchor 16. The driver 1400 may optionally be configured to be received through the trial implant 1010 along the working axis 200. For example, the anchor 16, trial implant 1010, and then the driver 1400 may be advanced over the pin 205. The driving feature 1402 of the driver 1400 may then be coupled to the driving feature 1312 of the anchor 16 to secure (e.g., rotate) the anchor 16 into the bone 12 within the pilot hole 1008. The depth of the anchor 16 within the bone 12 may be set using indicia on the driver 1400, pin 205, and/or trial implant 1010 (such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like) as generally illustrated in FIG. 15. For example, the trial implant 1010 may be advanced over the pin 205 such that the inner surface 1018 of the trial 1012 engages against the humeral implant site 10 (e.g., the arcuate outer ring 702, the socket 900, and/or the peripheral rim 902).

The trial 1012 may be removably coupled to the handle 1016. In the illustrated example, the handle 1016 and the driver may be once the anchor 16 is set within the bone 12, for example, as generally illustrated in FIG. 16. The trial 1012 may optionally include a fixation element corresponding to the fixation element 1310 of the anchor 16. As such, the trial 1012 may be urged into engagement with the anchor 16 to ensure proper alignment of the anchor 16 within the bone 12, for example, as generally illustrated in FIG. 17.

Once proper fit of the trial 1012 with the humeral implant site 10 has been confirmed, the pin 205 and the trial 1012 may be removed. Next, the tray 18 may be coupled to the anchor 16 that is secured in the bone 12, for example, as generally illustrated in FIG. 18, and the liner 20 may thereafter be coupled to the tray 18.

Turning now to FIGS. 19A-E, various views of one example of a tray 18 consistent with the present disclosure are generally illustrated. The tray 18 may include a body 1902 defining a bone facing recess 1904 and a liner recess 1906. The bone facing recess 1904 may include a ring surface 1906 and a convex surface 1908. In particular, the ring surface 1906 may have a profile substantially inversely corresponding to the profile of the arcuate outer ring 702 of the humeral excision site 10. Similarly, the convex surface 1908 may have a profile substantially inversely corresponding to the profile of the convex socket/surface 900 of the humeral excision site 10. The ring surface 1906 and/or the convex surface 1908 may therefore correspond to the cutting surface of the reamers revolved around the working axis 200. The bone facing recess 1904 may also optionally include a peripheral region 1912 corresponding to the peripheral rim 902 of the humeral excision site 10. The peripheral region 1912 may be disposed between the ring surface 1906 and the convex surface 1908.

The tray 18 may include a fixation element 1910 configured to be coupled to the corresponding fixation element 1310 of the anchor 16 to secure the tray 18 to the anchor 16. As discussed herein, the fixation elements 1310, 1910 includes a tapered interference fit (e.g., a Morse taper or the like). In the illustrated example, the fixation element 1910 is a male tapered protrusion extending outward from the bone facing recess 1904 configured to mate with a corresponding tapered female recess formed on the anchor 16; however, it should be appreciated that this arrangement may be reversed. Alternatively (or in addition), the fixation elements 1310, 1910 may include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the anchor 16 to the tray 18 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like. The fixation elements 1310, 1910 may be aligned along the working axis 200. Alternatively, the fixation elements 1310, 1910 may not be coaxial with the working axis 200.

The ring surface 1906, the convex surface 1908, and/or the peripheral region 1912 may optionally include one or more retaining elements (such as, but not limited to, threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, recesses, or the like) configured to engage the bone 12 of the humeral excision site 10 and secure the tray 18 to the bone 12. The tray 18 may optionally be used with bone cement or the like. The bone facing recess 1904 of the tray 18 may be configured to facilitate bone regrow.

The liner recess 1906 of the tray 18 may be configured to be coupled to the implant 20. The liner recess 1906 may have a generally concave shape configured to receive at least a portion of the implant 20. For example, the liner recess 1906 may have a generally concave shape that generally inversely corresponds to a tray interface surface of the implant 20. According to one example, the tray 18 may include one or more fixation elements 1920 configured to be coupled to a corresponding fixation element of the implant/liner 20 to secure the implant/liner 20 to the tray 18. In the illustrated example, the fixation element 1920 may form a snap fit connection with the implant/liner 20. For example, the fixation element 1920 may include a tab or latch configured to deform when the implant 20 is urged into the liner recess 1906, and then resiliently snap back into a recess and/or groove on the implant 20. Of course, the fixation element 1920 may alternatively or additionally include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the implant 20 to the tray 18 such as, but not limited to, tapered interference connections (e.g., a Morse taper or the like), threaded connections, adhesives, or the like.

The tray 18 may have a thickness 1922 configured to position the implant 20 at the desired position relative to the bone 12. The outer surface 1924 of the body 1902 of the tray 18 may have a generally frusto-conical and/or frusto-spherical shape. The generally frusto-conical and/or frusto-spherical shape may be configured to allow the humerus 12 to move relative to the glenoid while minimizing the potential for the humerus 12 to contact the glenoid.

Turning now to FIGS. 20A-H, various views of one example of an implant/liner 20 consistent with the present disclosure are generally illustrated. The implant 20 may include a body 2002 defining a load bearing surface 2004 and a tray interface surface 2006. The load bearing surface 2004 may include a recessed and/or concaved surface 2008. The concaved surface 2008 may therefore be used in a reverse shoulder application in which the native arrangement of the ball and socket of the shoulder is reversed. For example, the concaved surface 2008 may include a semi-spherical shape and/or a semi-ellipsoidal shape. Alternatively, the load bearing surface may include convex surface. The convex surface (e.g., a generally spherical and/or semi-ellipsoid) may generally correspond native articular surface of the patient's humerus 12.

The tray interface surface 2006 is configured to be at least partially received in the liner recess 1906 of the tray 18 such that the implant 20 is coupled to the tray 18. The tray interface surface 2006 may have a generally convex shape that generally inversely corresponds to the liner recess 1906 of the tray 18. As discussed herein, the implant 20 may include one or more fixation elements 1940 configured to be coupled to a corresponding fixation element 1920 of the tray 18 to secure the implant 20 to the tray 18. In the illustrated example, the fixation elements 1920, 1940 may form a snap fit connection. For example, the fixation element 1940 may include a recess and/or groove configured to deform a tab or latch 1920 of the tray 18 when the implant 20 is urged into the liner recess 1906. Of course, the arrangement of the latch and groove may be reversed and the fixation elements 1920, 1940 may alternatively or additionally include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the implant 20 to the tray 18 such as, but not limited to, tapered interference connections (e.g., a Morse taper or the like), threaded connections, adhesives, or the like.

With reference to FIG. 21, an exploded cross-sectional view of the humeral excision site 10 and the humeral implant system 14 is generally illustrated, while FIG. 22 generally illustrates an assembled cross-sectional view the humeral implant system 14 in the humeral excision site 10. The anchor 16, the tray 18, and/or the implant 20 may be made from metal such as, but not limited to, cobalt chromium, stainless steel, and/or titanium (and alloys thereof). The tray 18 and/or the implant 20 may optionally be made from biocompatible plastic such as, but not limited to, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or the like.

With reference to FIG. 23, a non-limiting example of a second implant site 2300 formed in a second bone 2302 and a second implant system 2404 is generally illustrated. While aspects/embodiments of the second implant site 2300 and the second implant system 2404 may be described in the context of a glenoid excision site formed in the glenoid bone and a glenoid implant system, it should be appreciated that the second implant site 2300 may be formed in other bones (e.g., other than the glenoid 2302) and the second implant system 2404 is not limited to a glenoid implant system. As such, the systems and method described herein may be used to form a second implant site 2300 on any bone 2302 and the second implant system 2404 may be used to repair/replace the articular surface of any bone 2302.

The glenoid implant site 2300 may be formed in the glenoid 2302 in such a manner to aid in the positioning of the glenoid implant system 2404 and to reduce and/or prevent movement of the glenoid implant system 2404 relative to the glenoid 2302. At least a portion of the glenoid implant site 2300 may therefore be formed with a shape/contour/profile that inversely corresponds to the shape/contour/profile of at least a portion of the glenoid implant system 2404. As described herein, the glenoid implant system 2404, FIGS. 24-25, may include an anchor 2402, an intermediate component or base plate 2404, an implant 2406, an optionally one or more fasteners 2408 (such as, but not limited to, bone screws or the like). The anchor 2402 may be configured to be secured to the bone 2302 within the glenoid implant site 2300, the base plate 2404 may be configured to be secured to the anchor 2402 (and optionally to the bone 2302 using the fasteners 2408), and the implant 2406 may be configured to be secured to the base plate 2404. As shown, the implant 2406 includes a load bearing surface 2410 having a generally convex (e.g., semi-spherical and/or semi-ellipsoidal surface contour). While aspects/embodiments of the glenoid implant system 2304 may be described in the context of a reverse shoulder, it should be appreciated that the glenoid implant system 2304 is not limited to a reverse shoulder configuration. As such, the glenoid implant system 2304 may include a load bearing surface 2410 having any shape/contour/profile such as, but no limited to, a shape/contour/profile that corresponds to the patient's original, native shape/contour/profile.

Turning now to FIG. 26, a portion of one example of a system and method for forming the glenoid implant site 2300 in the glenoid 2302 to mate with glenoid implant system 2404 is generally illustrated. In particular, a working axis 2600 may be established. In the illustrated example, the working axis 2600 extends at an angle normal to lowest point on the patient's native articular surface 2602; however, it should be appreciated that the working axis 2600 may extend at any angle (which may be greater than or less than 90 degrees) and/or from any point along the patient's native articular surface 2602. The lowest point on the patient's native articular surface 2602 may be defined at the point on the patient's native articular surface 2602 that at the base of the glenoid socket.

The working axis 2600 may be established using a guide 2604. The guide 2604 may define a passageway 2606 formed in a guide body 2608 extending along the working axis 2600. The passageway 2606 may be configured to receive one or more pins 2605 such that the pin 2605 may be advanced through the passageway 2606 and secured into the bone 2302 along the working axis 2600, for example, using a drill or the like (not shown for clarity). The passageway 2606 may substantially correspond to the cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the outside of the pin 2605 to align the pin 2605 along the working axis 2600. The depth that the pin 2605 is secured into the bone 2302 may be set using the guide 2602. For example, the pin 2605 and/or the guide 2602 may include indicia (such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like) that may set the depth of the pin 2605 into the bone 2302.

The guide body 2608 may include one or more locating features 2610. The locating features 2610 may be sized and shaped to contact native articular surface 2602 and align/position the passageway 2606 relative to the native articular surface 2602. For example, the locating features 2610 may include a bottom surface having a contour that substantially matches and/or corresponds to the native contour of the patient's native articular surface 2602. As such, the locating features 2610 may be configured to engage and/or contact specific points of the glenoid 2300. The locating features 2610 may therefore have sizes and/or shapes based on the size and/or shape of the patient. The locating features 2610 may extend in one or more planes. For example, portions of the locating features 2610 may extend in two mutually perpendicular planes and/or portions of the locating features 2610 may extend along one or more arcs and/or circles. The guide body 2608 may include one or more windows 2612 configured to allow a surgeon to see portions of the native articular surface 2602. In one example, the locating features 2610 may be configured to substantially continuously contact against the native articular surface 2602 along one or more planes; however, it should be appreciated that the locating features 2610 may only contact a plurality of discrete points (such as, but not limited to, the outer periphery 2616). The guide 2602 may also optionally include a handle 2618 configured to allow a surgeon to grasp and position the guide 2602 relative to the native articular surface 2602.

Once the pin 2605 is secured to the bone 2302 along the working axis 2300, the guide 2602 may be removed. Next, a cannulated drill 2700, FIG. 27, may be advanced over the pin 2605 to form a pilot hole 2800 in the bone 2302 centered around the pin 2605 as generally illustrated in FIG. 28. Once the pilot hole 2800 has been formed, an anchor 2402 of the glenoid implant system 2304 may be advanced and secured into the bone 2302 along the working axis 2600, e.g., into the pilot hole 2800 as shown in FIG. 29.

Turning now to FIGS. 30A-F, various views of one example of an anchor 2402 consistent with the present disclosure are generally illustrated. The anchor 2402 may include a body 3002, for example, having a tapered profile. The outside of the body 3002 may include one or more retaining elements (such as, but not limited to, threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, recesses, or the like 3004) configured to engage the bone 2302 and secure the anchor 2402 to the bone 2302. The anchor 2402 may optionally be used with bone cement or the like. The outer surface of the anchor 2402 may be configured to facilitate bone regrow. The body 3002 may include a cannulated passageway 3006, for example, configured to be advanced over the pin 2605.

A proximal end 3008 of the anchor 2402 may include a fixation element 3010 configured to be coupled to a corresponding fixation element of the baseplate 2404 to secure the anchor 2402 to the baseplate 2404. For example, the fixation element 3010 may include a tapered interference fit (e.g., a Morse taper or the like). In the illustrated example, the fixation element 3010 is a female tapered recess configured to mate with a corresponding tapered male protrusion formed on the baseplate 2404; however, it should be appreciated that this arrangement may be reversed. Alternatively (or in addition), the fixation element 3010 may include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the anchor 2402 to the baseplate 2404 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like.

The proximal end 3008 of the anchor 2402 may optionally include a driving feature 3012. The driving feature 3012 may be configured to mate with a driver (such as a drill or the like) to secure the anchor 2402 into the bone 2302. For example, the driving feature 3012 may be configured to allow a drill to rotate the anchor 2402 into the bone 2302. In the non-limiting example, the driving feature 3012 is a hex recess.

Referring back to FIGS. 28-29, the anchor 2402 may be advanced over the pin 2605 using a driver 2802 (e.g., a hand drill or the like) having a corresponding driving feature 2804 (e.g., a hex head) configured to engage with the driving feature 3012 of the anchor 2402. The driver 2802 may include a cannulated shaft 2806 (defining a passageway 2808) with the driving feature 2804 at one end, and a handle 2810 proximate the other end. The anchor 2402 and the driver 2802 may be advanced over the pin 2505 along the working axis 2600. The driving feature driving feature 2804 of the driver 2802 may then be coupled to the driving feature 3012 of the anchor 2402 to secure (e.g., rotate) the anchor 2402 around the working axis 2600 into the bone 2302 within the pilot hole 2800. The depth of the anchor 2402 within the bone 2302 may be set using indicia on the driver 2802 and/or pin 2505 (such as, but not limited to, laser markings, windows, shoulders, or the like) as generally illustrated in FIG. 29.

Turning now to FIG. 31, once the anchor 2402 has been set in place in the bone 2302, the driver 2802 may be removed. Optionally, an initial cut (e.g., a scrim cut) may be performed on the native articular surface 2602 to true-up and create a uniform surface, which may at least partially form the glenoid implant site 2300 (FIG. 32). For example, a truing reamer 3102 (FIG. 31) may be rotated and advanced along the working axis 2600 (e.g., to form at least a portion of the glenoid implant site 2300). In the illustrated example, the truing reamer 3102 may include a cannulated shaft 3103 configured to be rotated and advanced over the pin 2505 and revolved around the working axis 2600. A distal end region 3104 of the truing reamer 3102 may include one or more cutting surfaces 3106 configured to remove at least a portion of the native articular surface 2602. For example, the truing reamer 3102 may include one or more cutting arms 3108 extending radially outward from the shaft 3102. The cutting arms 3108 may include one or more cutting surfaces 3106, for example, having a generally flat, planar, and/or arcuate shape. The truing reamer 3102 may be used to form at least a portion of the glenoid implant site 2300 (FIG. 32) which is revolved around the working axis 2600. The cutting surfaces 3106, when revolved around the working axis 2600, may inversely correspond to (e.g., define) the contours of the bone facing surface of the baseplate 2404 as described herein.

In at least one example, the cutting surfaces 3106 of the truing reamer 3102 may be configured to form a generally planar shape/surface. Alternatively (or in addition), the cutting surfaces 3106 may be formed by one curves, two or more tangential curves, and/or curves having one or more inflection points. The truing reamer 3102 may be advanced along the working axis 2600 until a portion of the truing reamer 3102 (e.g., a central portion) contacts/abuts against a portion of the anchor 2402. Alternatively (or in addition), the depth of the truing reamer 3102 along the working axis 2600 may be set/determined using indicia/markings on the pin 2505 and/or the truing reamer 3102. While the glenoid implant site 2300 (FIG. 32) is shown having a generally concaved surface formed by the truing reamer 3102, it should be appreciated that the glenoid implant site 2300 may alternatively (or in addition) have a generally planar and/or convex shape. As such, the glenoid implant site 2300 is not limited to the illustrated shape unless specifically claimed as such.

Turning now to FIG. 33, the pin 2505 may optionally be removed and the baseplate 2404 may be secured to the anchor 2402. FIGS. 34A-E generally illustrates various views of one example of a baseplate 2404 consistent with the present disclosure. The baseplate 2404 may include a body 3402 defining a bone facing surface 3404 and an implant facing surface 3406. The bone facing surface 3604 may have a profile substantially inversely corresponding to the profile of the glenoid implant site 2300 (e.g., a profile substantially inversely corresponding to the profile of the cutting surfaces 3106 of the truing reamer 3102 when revolved around the working axis 2600). For example, the bone facing surface 3604 may have generally convex surface corresponding to the concaved surface of the glenoid implant site 2300. The bone facing surface 3604 may therefore have a cross-section (e.g., a diameter) that corresponds to the cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the cutting surfaces 3106 of the truing reamer 3102 when revolved around the working axis 2600.

The baseplate 2404 may include an anchor fixation element 3410 configured to be coupled to the corresponding fixation element 3010 of the anchor 2402 to secure the baseplate 2404 to the anchor 2402. As discussed herein, the fixation elements 3010, 3410 may include a tapered interference fit (e.g., a Morse taper or the like). In the illustrated example, the anchor fixation element 3410 is a male tapered protrusion extending outward from the bone facing surface 3404 configured to mate with a corresponding tapered female recess formed on the anchor 2402; however, it should be appreciated that this arrangement may be reversed. Alternatively (or in addition), the fixation elements 3010, 3410 may include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the anchor 2402 to the baseplate 2404 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like. The fixation elements 3010, 3410 may be aligned along the working axis 2600. Alternatively, the fixation elements 3010, 3410 may not be coaxial with the working axis 2600.

The bone facing surface 3604 may optionally include one or more retaining elements (such as, but not limited to, threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, recesses, or the like) configured to engage the bone 2302 of the glenoid excision site 2300 and secure the baseplate 2404 to the bone 2302. The baseplate 2404 may optionally be used with bone cement or the like. The bone facing surface 3404 of the baseplate 2404 may be configured to facilitate bone regrow.

The implant facing surface 3406 of the baseplate 2404 may be configured to be coupled to the implant 2406. The implant facing surface 3406 may have a generally planar, concave, and/or convex shape configured to receive at least a portion of the implant 2406. For example, the implant facing surface 3406 may have a generally planar shape that generally corresponds to a baseplate interface surface of the implant 2304. According to one example, the baseplate 2404 may include one or more implant fixation elements 3420 configured to be coupled to a corresponding fixation element of the implant 2304 to secure the implant 2304 to the baseplate 2404. In at least one example, the implant may include a tapered interference connection (e.g., a Morse taper or the like). For example, implant fixation element 3420 may include a male tapered protrusion extending outward from the implant facing surface 3406 configured to mate with a corresponding tapered female recess formed on the implant 2406; however, it should be appreciated that this arrangement may be reversed. Alternatively (or in addition), the fixation elements 3420 may include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the baseplate 2404 to the implant 2306 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like. The implant fixation element 3420 may be aligned along the working axis 2600. Alternatively, the implant fixation element 3420 may not be coaxial with the working axis 2600.

The baseplate 2404 may have a thickness 3422 configured to position the implant 2306 at the desired position relative to the bone 2302. The outer surface 3424 of the body 3402 of the baseplate 2404 may have a generally frusto-conical, frusto-spherical shape, and/or generally cylindrical shape.

The baseplate 2404 may optionally include one or more apertures 3426 configured to receive one or more fasteners (e.g., a bone screw or the like). The apertures 3426 may extend through the body 3402 (e.g., between the bone facing surface 3404 and the implant facing surface 3406). The fasteners may aid in retaining the baseplate 2404 to the bone 2302 and/or prevent movement (e.g., rotation) of the baseplate 2404 relative to the bone 2302.

The baseplate 2404 (e.g., the implant facing surface 3406) may optionally include one or more implant alignment elements or features 3428. The implant alignment features 3428 may be configured to generally align the implant 2406 relative to the baseplate 2404 and/or prevent movement (e.g., rotation) of the implant 2406 relative to the baseplate 2404. In the illustrated embodiment, the implant alignment features 3428 includes a post extending outward from the implant facing surface 3406 that is configured to be received in a corresponding recess formed in the implant 2406. The post may optionally be tapered (e.g., to form a Morse taper or the like). Of course, the implant alignment features 3428 are not limited to this configuration. For example, the arrangement of the post and the recess may be reversed.

With reference to FIGS. 35-36, the baseplate 2404 may be located on the glenoid implant site 2300 using a holder 3500. The holder 3500 may include a shaft 3502, a handle 3504 at one end region 3506 of the shaft 3502, and a coupler 3508 at the other end region 3510 of the shaft 3502. In the illustrated example, the coupler 3508 may be configured to be secured to the implant fixation element 3420 of the baseplate 2404 (e.g., using a Morse taper connection or the like); however, it should be appreciated that this is only one example and that the coupler 3508 may be configured to be secured to the baseplate 2404 in any manner known to those skilled in the art.

Once the baseplate 2404 has been set in place relative to the glenoid implant site 2300, the baseplate 2404 may be secured to the anchor 2402 as generally illustrated in FIG. 37. For example, the anchor fixation element 3410 configured to be coupled to the corresponding fixation element 3010 of the anchor 2402 to secure the baseplate 2404 to the anchor 2402. Optionally, the baseplate 2404 may be secured to the bone 2302 using one or more fasteners (e.g., bone screws) disposed through the apertures 3426 in the body 3402 baseplate 2404. In the illustrated example, pilot holes may be formed that are aligned with the apertures 3426. For example, a pilot hole drill guide 3800, FIG. 38, may be used to create pilot holes in the bone 2302 within the glenoid implant site 2300 that are aligned with the apertures 3426. The pilot hole drill guide 3800 may include a bushing 3802 or the like configured to be received in a portion of the aperture 3426 (or a cavity configured to receive a portion of the baseplate 2404) that aligns a passageway 3804 of the bushing 3802 with the aperture 3426. Next, a drill bit may be advanced through the passageway 3804 of the bushing 3802 and into the bone 2302 to form the pilot holes. The bushing 3802 may be aligned with (e.g., coupled to) all of the apertures 3426 to form the desired pilot holes. After the pilot holes are formed, one or more fasteners 3900, FIG. 39, may be advanced through the apertures 3426 to secure the baseplate 2404 to the bone 2302. The fasteners 3900 may include any fastener known to those skilled in the art such as, but not limited to, bone screws, posts, pins, or the like.

Once the baseplate 2404 has been secured to the anchor 2402, the implant 2406 may be secured to the baseplate 2404 as generally illustrated in FIGS. 40-41. Turning now to FIGS. 42A-E, various views of one example of an implant 2406 consistent with the present disclosure are generally illustrated. The implant 2406 (also generally referred to as a glenosphere) may include a body 4202, defining a load bearing surface 2410 and a baseplate interface surface 4206. The load bearing surface 2410 may include a convex surface 4208. The convex surface 4208 may therefore be used in a reverse shoulder application in which the native arrangement of the ball and socket of the shoulder is reversed. For example, the convex surface 4208 may include a semi-spherical shape and/or a semi-ellipsoidal shape. Alternatively, the load bearing surface may include concaved surface. The concaved surface (e.g., a generally spherical and/or semi-ellipsoid) may generally correspond native articular surface of the patient's glenoid 2302.

The baseplate interface surface 4206 is configured to at least partially receive the implant facing surface 3406 and/or the outer surface 3424 of the body 3402 of the baseplate 2404 such that the implant 2406 is coupled to the baseplate 2404. A portion 4205 of the baseplate interface surface 4206 may have a generally concaved shape that generally inversely corresponds to the implant facing surface 3406 of the baseplate 2404. Alternatively (or in addition), a portion 4207 of the baseplate interface surface 4206 may have a generally cylindrical shape that generally inversely corresponds to the outer surface 3424 of the body 3402 of the baseplate 2404 (optionally to form a tapered connection).

As discussed herein, the implant 2406 may include one or more baseplate fixation elements 4240 configured to be coupled to a corresponding implant fixation element 3420 of the baseplate 2404 to secure the implant 2406 to the baseplate 2404. In the illustrated example, the fixation elements 3420, 4240 may form Morse taper connection or the like. For example, the baseplate fixation element 4240 may include a tapered configured to receive the tapered male protrusion 3420 of the baseplate 2404. Of course, the arrangement of the male and female portions of the fixation elements 3420, 4240 may be reversed and the fixation elements 3420, 4240 may alternatively or additionally include any other mechanism and/or fastener for either permanently or removably coupling the implant 2406 to the baseplate 2404 such as, but not limited to, snap fit connections, threaded connections, adhesives, or the like.

The implant 2406 may also optionally include one or more implant alignment features 4228 configured to generally align the implant 2406 relative to the baseplate 2404 and/or prevent movement (e.g., rotation) of the implant 2406 relative to the baseplate 2404. In the illustrated embodiment, the implant alignment features 4228 includes a recess configured to receive at least a portion of a post 3428 extending outward from the implant facing surface 3406 of the baseplate 2404. The post and recess 3428, 4228 may optionally be tapered (e.g., to form a Morse taper or the like). Of course, the implant alignment features 3428, 4228 are not limited to this configuration. For example, the arrangement of the post and the recess may be reversed.

Optionally, a set-screw or the like may be advanced through an implant passageway 4250. The implant passageway 4250 may extend through the body 4202 (e.g., from the load bearing surface 2410 and a baseplate interface surface 4206). The implant passageway 4250 may be configured to receive a fastener (e.g. a threaded fastener) to aid in coupling the implant 2406 to the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402.

Alternatively (or in addition), a fastener or the like may be coupled directly to the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402 and may be used to remove (e.g., uncouple) the implant 2406 from the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402. For example, fastener 2321 (FIG. 23) may be threaded to the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402. To uncouple the implant 2406 from the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402, the user may advance a tool (e.g., a driver or the like) through the implant passageway 4250 and rotate the fastener. Rotation of the fastener may cause the fastener to advance out of the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402 and engage against the implant 2406, thereby urging the implant 2406 away from the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402 and uncoupling the implant 2406 from the baseplate 2404 and/or the anchor 2402. This arrangement may be particularly useful if a subsequent revision to the implant system 2304 is desired.

The anchor 2402, baseplate 2404, and/or the implant 2406 may be made from metal such as, but not limited to, cobalt chromium, stainless steel, and/or titanium (and alloys thereof). The baseplate 2404 and/or the implant 2406 may optionally be made from biocompatible plastic such as, but not limited to, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or the like.

Turning now to FIGS. 43-49, various examples of the first implant system 14 and the second implant system 2304 are shown. In the illustrated examples, the first implant system 14 and the second implant system 2304 are a humeral implant system and a glenoid implant system, respectively, through it should be appreciated that the first implant system 14 and the second implant system 2304 may be used in other joints. The humeral implant system 14 and glenoid implant system 2304 as illustrated form a reverse shoulder system in which the ball and socket arrangement has been switch from the native anatomical configuration; however, it should be appreciated that humeral implant system 14 and glenoid implant system 2304 consistent with the present disclosure may also be used to form a traditional, anatomical should replacement (either a partial or total shoulder replacement).

As used herein, “substantially corresponds” or “generally corresponds” means that the contour/profile of the articulating surface is within 15% of the contour/profile of the patient's native articular surface being replaced and/or within engineering and/or anatomical tolerance. In some instances, the contour/profile of the articulating surface may not correspond to the contour/profile of the patient's native articular surface being replaced.

The foregoing description of several methods and embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claims to the precise steps and/or forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A humeral implant comprising: a tray including a body defining a bone facing recess and a liner recess, said bone facing recess including a ring surface and a convex surface, wherein the ring surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of an outer ring of bone in an excision site of a patient; and wherein said convex surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of a concave socket formed in the excision site; a liner including a body defining a load bearing surface and a tray interface surface, said tray interface surface being configured to be at least partially received in said liner recess of said tray such that said liner is coupled to said tray; and an anchor configured to be secured to bone within the excision site, said anchor including a first fixation element; wherein the tray further comprises a second fixation element configured to be coupled to said first fixation element to secure said tray to said anchor and wherein the first fixation element of the anchor includes a female tapered recess and the second fixation element includes a male taper post to engage the female taper recess.
 2. The humeral implant of claim 1, wherein the anchor has a body portion having a tapered profile.
 3. The humeral implant of claim 1, wherein the anchor has a body portion including one or more retaining elements disposed on an outer portion of the body portion to engage the patient's humeral bone within the excision site; wherein the one or more retaining elements is selected from the group of threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, and/or recesses.
 4. The humeral implant of claim 1, wherein an internal side of the ring surface is configured to receive the outer ring of bone such that the outer ring of bone is bound by the ring surface.
 5. The humeral implant of claim 1, wherein the tray further includes a peripheral region between the ring surface and the convex surface, the peripheral region is configured to receive a rim portion of the outer ring of bone in the excision site of the patient.
 6. An implant system comprising: a humeral implant comprising: a tray including a body defining a bone facing recess and a liner recess, said bone facing recess including a ring surface and a convex surface, wherein the ring surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of an outer ring of bone in an excision site of a patient; and wherein said convex surface has a profile substantially corresponding to a profile of a concave socket formed in the excision site; a liner including a body defining a humeral load bearing surface and a tray interface surface, said tray interface surface being configured to be at least partially received in said liner recess of said tray such that said liner is coupled to said tray; and an anchor configured to be secured to bone within the excision site, said anchor including a first fixation element; wherein the tray further comprises a second fixation element configured to be coupled to said first fixation element to secure said tray to said anchor and wherein the first fixation element of the anchor includes a female tapered recess and the second fixation element includes a male taper post to engage the female taper recess; and a glenoid implant comprising: a baseplate including a body defining a bone facing surface and an implant facing surface; the bone facing surface having a profile substantially inversely corresponding to a profile of a glenoid implant site; and an implant having a glenoid load bearing surface and a baseplate interface surface; the glenoid load bearing surface having a shape to cooperate with the humeral load bearing surface of the liner.
 7. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the anchor has a body portion having a tapered profile.
 8. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the anchor has a body portion including one or more retaining elements disposed on an outer portion of the body portion to engage the patient's humeral bone within the excision site; wherein the one or more retaining elements is selected from the group of threads, protrusions, ribs, barbs, and/or recesses.
 9. The implant system of claim 6, wherein an internal side of the ring surface is configured to receive the outer ring of bone such that the outer ring of bone is bound by the ring surface.
 10. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the tray further includes a peripheral region between the ring surface and the convex surface, the peripheral region is configured to receive a rim portion of the outer ring of bone in the excision site of the patient.
 11. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the humeral load bearing surface of the liner is a concave surface and the glenoid load bearing surface of the implant is a convex surface.
 12. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the baseplate further comprises an alignment element protrusion on the implant facing surface.
 13. The implant system of claim 12, wherein the implant further comprises a recess formed in the baseplate interface surface; wherein the recess is dimensioned to receive the alignment element protrusion to secure the implant to the baseplate.
 14. The implant system of claim 6, wherein the implant and baseplate are configured to be coupled together using a friction fit. 